The Next Page / Are yinz from Pittsburg?
Richardson Clover had a problem, and a pretty good idea how to fix it.
As assistant hydrographer in the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1889, Lt. Clover was in charge of producing its maps. He'd noticed that many place names were spelled several different ways, especially in Alaska, where there were 20 indigenous languages.
He suggested to Thomas C. Mendenhall, superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, that the two offices work together on standardizing place names on government charts and other official publications.
Thus was born, in 1890, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. One of its first acts, on June 2, 1891, was to take away Pittsburgh's "H." On Dec. 23, President Benjamin Harrison made it official. Merry Christmas, Pittsburg!
Nothing personal, mind you. The board ruled that all cities and towns with name endings pronounced "berg" should be spelled "burg."
In the case of Pittsburgh, this was not as capricious as it seems. Numerous 19th-century local history books omitted the H. Not even the city's newspapers, including the Pittsburg Telegraph, the Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette and the Pittsburg Press, could agree on the spelling.
And although Pittsburgh's original city charter of 1816 spelled it with an H, the printed act omitted it due to a printer's error. The board believed the U.S. Post Office arbitrarily added the H at a later date.
So in the eyes of the federal government, Pittsburgh was Pittsburg for almost 20 years, until the board, prodded by two prominent Pittsburghers, reversed itself 100 years ago this week, on July 19, 1911.
In fact, the H was there from the beginning, a reflection of the settlement's British, not German, roots. When Gen. John Forbes wrote in a letter to William Pitt the Elder, then leader of the House of Commons, that his troops had forced the French to abandon Fort Duquesne, he added, "I have used the freedom of giving your name to Fort Du Quesne." The letter was dated "Pittsbourgh. 27th November 1758."
Forbes would have pronounced it Pittsborough -- Pittsburra, actually, in his guid Scots tongue. Had Pittsburgh retained that pronunciation, the spelling still would have been changed in 1891. The board also decreed that all places ending in "borough" use the truncated, inelegant "boro."
Further, it eliminated hyphens, apostrophes and in at least one case, the space between two words: It declared all places named New Castle should be spelled Newcastle. Now that's capricious.
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"In hand-addressed stuff, the H is just gone" in letters and post cards in the center's collection. Local businesses adopted the H-less name, too. The history center's "Pittsburgh A to Z" exhibit of 2001, prepared in conjunction with Mr. Sebak's
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Whereas mailed postcards and press releases once accompanied exhibitions, today's publicity often comes only electronically. While many would shrug their shoulders at another 20th-century practice rendered obsolete, those who prize physical documents
These included oil paintings (gorgeous depictions of the Vatican City, the Colosseum and the Piazza Navona), miniatures of monuments, postcards, and some cute fridge magnets. My better half's forlorn sighs onlyspurred me on to buy even more!
On Cape Elizabeth Hopper focused on lighthouses, which at the time were depicted on postcards but were not the subject of fine art. “Lighthouses are cliché now, and it's largely because of Hopper,'' says Salatino. “It was radical at the time to take a
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